?????? ??? ???????????? ?????? ??? ????????? ??? ?????

??????? ?????????? ???????, PhD ?????????? ??????? ?????. ?????????? ???/???? ???????????? ?????. ?????????? ??????? ???????? ?????? (?.?.?.), ?� ??????????? ??????? ????????????? ??????, ?????????? ?????? �? & ? ????????�

????????: ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ???????? ?? ??????????? ? ????? ??? ? ?????? ?????? ??? ???????????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?????. ??????????, ?? ???????????? ???? ???????? ??? ?????????? ???? ??? ????????????? ??? ????????????? ??????, ?????????? ??? ??????, ?? ??? ??????? ??????. ?? ???????? ???? ??????? ?? ???????? �??????????� ??? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ???????? ??????? (?? ????????? ?????? ??? ???????? ??? ???????? ???), ?? ???????? ??? ??????? ??? ????????????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ? ???? ????????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ???????? ????????, ???? ??????????? ????????? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ???????? ?? ????? ? ????????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ???????? ???. ???, ?????, ?? ???????? ????????? ??????? ??? ???????? ????????? ??? ??? ??????????? ??? ????????. ?????? ???????? ??? ??? ?????????? ??? ?? ???? ????????? ?? ??????????, ???? ????? ????, ? ??????? ??????? ??? ?? ?????????? ??? ???????, ???, ??????????, ?? ????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ???????? ???????????? . ???? ??? ???? ??? ?????????? ?? ??????????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?? ????????? ??? ????????? ??? ?????? ??? ???????????? ?????? ??? ?????????? ?? ??? ?????, ???? ??? ? ???????????? ???????? ????? ???????? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ?????????? ??? ???????.

???? ????? ????????? ?? ?????? ?? ? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????????? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ???????? ???. ??????? ?? ?? ????? ??? ??? (12 ???? 2 ?????? ?), ?? ? ??????? ????? ????????, ?????? ???? ??? 18 ????, ?????????? ????? ??? ? ????? ???, ?????? ? ????????, ???? ??? ????? ??? ??????, ???? ??? ????????, ?????????? ??? ?????????????? ????????? ?? ?????????? ??? ????????? ??? ?????? ???, ?? ??????????? ??? ???????? ?????? ??? ??? ????????? ? ?? ???????????? ? ???? ????????? ??? ?????? ?????. ??????????, ????, ?? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ??? (12 ???. 2?)??) ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ? ????? ??? ????????? ??? ???????? . ?? ????? 12 ??? ???????? ???????? ??? ?? ?????????? ??? ??????? (??????: ????) ??????????? ?? ???????? ??? ??????? ?? ????????? ??? ??????? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?????????? ???? (12???.1 ????)[1] ?? ??????????? ?????? ??? ?? ?????, ????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????????? ? ?????? ??????? ???????????. ???? ??? ????? ???, ???????? ?? ????  ? ????????? ??? ???????? ??? ?????? ????????? ?? ????????? ??? ??? ????????? ??? (?????????? ??? ??????????) ??? ??? ??? ??? ?????????????? ??? ?????????, ???? ????????? ?? ??? ???????? ?????? ???????? ????????????.[2]

?? ???????, ????, ?? ????????? ??? ?? ????????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?? ??????????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????, ????, ??? ??????????, ?? ????????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??? ??????;[3] ??????? ?? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? 1534 ??? ??????? ?????? "?? ????????? ???? ??????? ???????????? ?????? ???????? ?????????, ??? ?? ????????? ???????? ???? ? ?????? ??? ??????, ? ??????????? ?????????? ??????, ?? ????????? ?? ??????, ?? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????????? ?????, ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ???????? ??? ?? ???????? ??????? ? ??? ????????? ??? ???????? ???? ??????????? ?? ????? ? ???????????? ????? ???????? ???????????? ???????". ? ???????????? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ?????????? ?????????? ??????????? ??? ????????? ??? ????????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????, ?? ??????, ?? ??????????, ????????? ?? ???????????. ????, ??????, ??? ??????? ??? ?????????? ??? ???????? ??? ??????, ?? ?????? ????????? ????????? ?? ???????????, ? ????? ??? ?????????? ?????????? ?????? ?? ????????????? ?? ?????? ?????????.

? ??????? ???????? ???????????? (?. 3418/ 2005), ?? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ?????????? ??? ???????????? ????????, ?????? ???` ????? ??? (????? 12 � 1 ???) ? ??????? ??? ??????????? ?? ?????? ???? ???????? ???????????? ???????? ??????, ?? ??? ???? ????????? ????????? ??? ????????.????, ??? ???? ????? ??? ??? ???????????? ??? ??????????, ?????????? ??, ????????? ?? ??????? ??????, ???????? ??? (????? 12 � 3 ?????. ? ???) "???` ???????? ??? ?????????? ????????? ... ?) ?? ?? ?????? ???????? ???????? ... ????????? ?? ?????? ??? ???????? ????????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????????, ??????????? ?? ????????? ? ???????? ??? ?? ??? ? ??? ????? ??? ????????"

???????, ??? ?????????? ?? ??????????????? ???????????? (???????? ??? ?? ??? ? ??? ????? ???????? ??????, ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????????, ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ???????????)??? ?????????? ????? ?? ?????????? ? ???????? ??????? ???? ?????????? ?????????? ??? ?? ????? ? ???????????? ??? ????? 1534 ?? ??????????? ?????.? ??????? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???????? ????? ??? ???? ?????????? ???????, ????? ? ??????????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ????????????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??? ??????? ????? �? ?????????????? ????? ???????? ??? ???????????� ("lexposteriorderogatpriori" (????. ????. 2 ??)), ?????? ?? ?????????? ??????????? ?? ????? 12 � 3 ?????. ? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? 1534 ??.[4]

???????, ? ????????? ????????? ??????? ??????????? ???? ????????? ????? ??? ?? ???????? ??? ??????????, ??? ???????????? ????????? ??? ????????? ??? ?????????? ???????, ?????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ????, ????? ???? ?????????, ??? ?????????????? ??? ????????????? ???????? ????????? ???? ??????? ??????, ???? ?? ?????? ??? ????????? ?? ????????? ???? ??? ?????? ???????? ??? ?? ??? ? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ????, ?? ???????, ?????, ?? ???????? ??? ??????.[5]

?????, ???????????? ????? ???, ??? ?? ????????? ??? ?????? 13???3 ??? ???, ???? 371 ??? 4 ??, ????????? ??? ??????????? ????????? ?????????????? ?????????? ??? ??? ?????, ???? ????????? ?? ?????????? ?? ???, ?? ???????? ??? ?????? ???????????, ??? ????????? ?????????, ?? ????????? ????????? ??? ???????????, ???? ??? ??? ??????? ??????[6] ??? ?? ???????, ?????????? ?????? ??????? ??? ? ??????????? ?????? ? ?????????????? ???????? ????????, ??? ??? ???????? ?? ??????????? ???????????.

????????????

??????????

EekelaarJ.,The interests of the child and the child�s wishes, ???: ?he role of dynamic self determinism ???:P. Alston(ed.),The best interest of the child, Reconciling Culture and Human Rights, Oxford University Press, Unicef International Child Development Centre, Florence, 1994.

FreemanM., Children�s rights ten years after ratification, ???: ?. Franklin (ed.), The New Handbook of Children�s Rights: Comparative PPractice, Routledge, London-New York, 2002.

FreemanM., Introduction: Children�s as Persons, ???: M. Freeman (ed.), Children�s Rights, A comparative Perspective, Dartmouth, Aldershot, 1996.

FreemanM., Children�s rights ten years after ratification, ???: ?. Franklin (ed.), The New Handbook of Children�s Rights: Comparative Policy and Practice, Routledge, London-New York, 2002.

FreemanM., Introduction: Children�s as Persons, ???: M. Freeman (ed.), Children�s Rights, A comparative Perspective, Dartmouth, Aldershot, 1996.

Freeman M., The Sociology of Childhood and Children�s Rights, The International Journal of Children�s Rights 6, 1998, 433??.

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??????MassonJ., Contact between Parents and Children in Long-Term Care: ?he Unresolved Dispute, International Journal of Law & Family 4, 1990, 97 ??.

MayallB., SociologyofChildhoodin Relation to Children�sRights, InternationalJournal Children�sRights 8,2000,243??.

Moes S.,Being seen and Heard: Webster V. Ryan�sConstitutionalProtectionforChildren�sRightstomaintaincontactwithfosterparents, University Cincinatti Law Review 71, 2002-2003, 331 ??.

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Mosikatsana T.,Children�s Rights and Family Autonomy in theSouth African Context: ?Comment on Children�s Rights under the Final Constitution, Michigan Journal of Race and Law 3, 1997-1998, 341 ??.

Veerman P.,The Rights of the Child and the Changing Image of Childhood, Martinus Nijhoff, Dordrecht/Boston/London, 1992.

Verhellen E., Children�s Ombudswork: Motives and Strategies, ???: M. Droogleever Fortuuyn en M. De Langen (eds), Towards the Realization of Human Rights for Children, Defence for Children, Amsterdam, 1992.

Verhellen E., Children�s Rights in Europe, The International Journal of Children�s Rights 1, 1993, 357 ??.

???????? 

?. ??????????, ? ?????? ????????? ??? ??????? ???? ??????, ?????? ??????????, ?????

[1][1] Kaufman N. H., and Flekkoy M.G., Participation Rights of the Child: Psychological and Legal Considerations, Child Legal Rights Journal 18, 1998, 15 ??.

[2][2] ??????????., ?., ? ?????? ????????? ??? ??????? ???? ??????, ?????? ??????????, 2013, ?????.

[3][3]MassonJ., Contact between Parents and Children in Long-Term Care: ?he Unresolved Dispute, International Journal of Law & Family 4, 1990, 97 ??.

[4][4] 3/ 2008, ???????????????????????????????????????

[5][5] ) Eekelaar J.,The interests of the child and the child�s wishes, ???: ?he role of dynamic self determinism ???:P. Alston(ed.),The best interest of the child, Reconciling Culture and Human Rights, Oxford University Press, Unicef International Child Development Centre, Florence, 1994.??????????

[6][6]??. ??????James A., Prout?.,Constructing and Reconstructing Childhood, Falmer Press, Basingstoke, 1990.