??? ?? ?????????? ??? ?????? ????????????? ??? ??????? ???


????? ???????????

???????? ?????????? ????????????-???????? ????????

???????????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???????? (?.?.?.?.)

???? UNESCO ???????? ?????? ??? ????????

?? ??????????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????????????? ????????????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ? ???? ?????

? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ????????????????, ????????? ??????????, ??? ????????? ?? ???????????, ?? ?????????????? ?????? ??? ?? ?????????? ????? ?? ??????? ???????. ???????? ?? ??? ????? ????????? ??? ? ???????? ??? ????????? ????????????? ???? ??????? ??????, ???? ??????????? ??? ? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ?????????? ??? ?? 25 ???. ???? ?? ???????? ??? ???????? ? ???????? ??? ????????? ???????? ?????????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????????? ?????????? ????????????? ?? ??? ????????? ???????? ???? ???????????? ???? ?? ????????? ???? ????? ? ???????? ??? ?? ???????????? ?? ??????????? ????????. ? ???????? ???? ?????? ??? ???????? ???????????? ??????? ???? ? ????????????? ??? ????????? ?????????, ? ???????????? ?????, ? ????? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ??????????, ? ??????????????? ????????, ? ???????, ? ??????, ? ????????? ????????????? ???????? ??? ?????????????? ?????????????? ??????????? ??????? ?? ??????????? ??? ?????????????? ????????? ??? ???? ??????. ???? ???? ?? ?????????? ? ????????? ???????, ?????? ?? ???????????????? ???????? ??? ???????? ?? ?????????? ????????? ??? ??????? ????????? ???????????????? ?? ????????, ?????? ??? ?????????????? ????????? ??? ??????, ????????????? ??? ????????????? (mismatch) ??? ????????? ??? ????????? ?????????? ???? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ??? ????. ?? ????????? ???????, ?? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ?????????? ???? ?? ???????? ??? ???????? ??? ??????????? ?? ??? ????? 10-24 ???? ???? ?????? ??????? (45%).

? ???????? ?????????? ??? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???????????? ??? ?????? ???? ??????????????? ??? ??? ??????????? ?????? ??? ?????????? ???????? ??? ?????????????? ??? ???? ?? ?????, ?????????? ?? ??????? ??? ??????????????????????? ?????????? ??? ??????????? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ???????? -??? ??????, ??? ??????????? ??? ??? ??????????. ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????????????? ???????? ??? ??? ?????????? ?? ????????????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????????? ?? ????????? ??????????????? ?????????? ?????? ?? ??????????? ??????????? ??????? ????????? ??? ????????. ?????????? ????? ???? ?? ?????????????? ???????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ???? ????????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ????????? ??? ???????????? ???????????? ???????? ??? ??????????? ?? ??? ??????????? ?????. ? ?????? ????????????? ????? ??? ???????????? ?????? ??? ?????????? ??? ?????? ???? ??????????? ??? ??? ???????? ??????? ?????????????? ???????, ?????????? ??? ?????? ?? ???????????? ??? ??? ???????????? ??? ?? ????????? ???????????? ??? ???????? ??? ????? ???. ? ??????? ???? ???????? ??? ??????? ?????????????? ??? ???? ????????? ????????? ???????? ??? ??? ???????? ????????? ??? ???? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ??? ?????????? ??? ???????? ????? (???) ??? ?? 2030 (WorldYouthReport, UnitedNations 2016).

? ?????????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ????????????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????????? ?? ??? ?????????????? ???????? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ????????????? ??? ?????????? ??????????? ??? ????????????.?? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ???????????? ??? ???????? ???????? ?????????? ??? ?????????? ???????? ??? ?? ???? ????????? ?? ?????????? ???? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????????????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ?? ?? ??????? ???? ????:

???????? (Competence)

???????? ????? ? ????????? ??? ??????????????? ????????????? ???????????. ????????? ???? ??? ??????????? ?????????.

????????????? ?? ???????? ?????????:

????? ??? ????? ?? ???????? ???? ???????? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ?????;

???????? ?? ????? ????? ? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ???;

???? ?????????? ??? ????? ???, ????? ????? ??? ????????????? ? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?????;

??? ?????? ?? ??????????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ????? ???;

??? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ??????????? ?????????????, ?????????? ??? ????????????? ??? ????? ?????????? ??? ????? ??????????? ??? ?? ????? ???????;

??? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ????????? ? ??????? ??? ???????? ??? ???????? ?????????;

??? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ????????? ??? ????? ??? ? ???????? ?? ??? ??????????? ??? ???? ??????;

????? ???????? ?? ??? ??????????? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ?? ?????? ????;

?????????? ??? ????????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ?? ???????? ?? ?? ??????? ???;

????????????? (Confidence)

????????????? ????? ? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ????? ??? ???? ????????.

?? ?????? ???????? ????????????? ?????????????? ??? ???????? ???? ?? ??????????? ???????????.

????????????? ?? ???????? ?????????:

????? ?? ???????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ?? ???????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???????? ???? ????? ???;

??????? ???????? ???? ????? ??? ???????? ??? ????? ??? ????????? ????? (??? ??????????? ???? ?????????? ?????, ???? ??????????, ???????????, ??????? ??? ????????);

??? ????? ?? ??????????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ?????;

??? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ???????? ? ????? ?? ??? ??? ???????? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ???;

??? ?????? ?????? ?????; ??? ?????? ????????? ??? ???????????? ??????????? ? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ???????? ??? ?? ????????? ??????????;

??? ????????? ?? ??????????? ???? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ???????;??? ?????????? ?????? ??????????;

??? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ???????????? ??????????, ???????? ??? ?? ????????? ??? ?? ????? ??? ????????????? ???;

???? ?????? ?? ??? ????????, ??????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ????? ????? ? ??? ?????????? ????????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ????;

???????? ?? ??? ????????? ??????;

??????? (Connection)

?? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????????, ???? ??????, ?? ??????? ??? ??? ????????? ??????????? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ????????? ??? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? ??? ????????? ??? ??? ????????? ????????????? ???????????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ????????.

????????????? ?? ???????? ?????????:

???????? ??? ??????? ????????? ??? ??????????????? ????????? ???? ??? ????? ???;

???????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ??????;

???????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ???????? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ????????????? ??? ? ????????? ?? ????????? ????????????; ???????? ??? ?? ?? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ?????????????? ?????????? ???? ???????? ??????? ????? ??????? ? ????? ??? ????? ??????;

??????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ????????????? ??? ??????????? ???? ???? ?????????? ??? ??? ?????????? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ?????????? ???? ?? ?? ???????? ?? ???????? ??????????;

?????? ??? ????????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????????? ?? ???? ??????? ? ???????????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ????;

????????? ??? ????? ?? ?????????? ???? ???????? ???????, ???????????? ? ???????????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????????;

???????? ??? ????? ??? ?? ????????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ? ????????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ?????????? ?? ?????? ??? ????????;

?????????? (Character)

?? ?????? ??????????? ??? ????????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ???????? ????????, ?? ???????????? ???? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ????????. ? ?????? ?? ????????? ????? ?????????? ????? ??? ?? ???????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ?? ???????????? ????? ????????????? ???? ???? ??????.

????????????? ?? ???????? ?????????:

?????? ??? ????? ?? ????????? ??? ?? ???????????? ??? ?????????? ???? ?????? ????????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?????;

?????? ??? ????? ?? ??????????? ??? ????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ??? ????????? ??? ???? ??????;

??? ???????? ?? ???????????? ??? ????? ??? ?????;

??? ???????? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ?? ?????, ???? ??? ??? ????? ??????????? ? ??? ?????????? ???????;

??? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????????, ???? ?? ????????? ??????? ??? ?? ???????????? ??? ?? ???????????? ??? ???? ??????;

??? ?????????? ?? ??????? ??? ?????????;

??? ????? ?? ????????? ??? ??????? ???????????????;

??????? ?? ???????? ??????????? ? ???????? ???????? ? ??????????;

??????? (Contribution)

?? ?????? ??? ????????? ?? ???????????? ??? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?????????????.

????????????? ?? ???????? ?????????:

???????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ???????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ???? ????????? ?????, ???????, ????????? ??? ???????? ??? ???????????;

??????? ?? ????????? ???? ??? ?? ???????????? ???? ??????;

???? ????? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ????????? ??? ?????;

????????? ????????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ????????? ?? ?????? ???????????? ?????;

???????????? (Coping)

?? ?????? ??? ????????? ?? ?????????????? ?? ????? ?????????????? ????? ???????? ??????????????? ??? ?? ?????????? ??? ?????????? ??? ????. ? ???????? ????????? ?????? ?????????, ???????????? ???????????? ????? ??? ???? ?????????? ???????, ?????????????? ??????????? ????????????? ??? ???????????.

????????????? ?? ???????? ?????????:

???? ?? ?????????? ??????? ??????????? ????????????? ?? ??????? ????;

???????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ????????? ???????, ??????????????? ??????????? ???????????;

??????? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?????????? ??? ????????? ???????????? ?? ????????;



?????????? ??? ??? ??????? ????? ????????? ?? ???????????? ???????????? ????? ??????????? ?? ????????????? ??? ?? ????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ????;

?? ? ?????? ???? ?????????? ????????? ????????????, ??? ?????????? ?? ????;???? ?? ????, ?????????? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ?????????? ????????????;

???? ?? ?????????? ??? ???????? ??? ??????????? ???? ???? ???? ? ????? ??????? ?????????????? ???? ????? ???????????;

??????? ????????? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ????????? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ???????, ??? ????? ????????? ??? ??? ???????? ?????; ???? ?? ?????????? ???????? ?????????;

????????? ?? ??????????? ???????;

??????? ??????? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ?????????????? ??????????? ? ???????? ???? ??????????? ???????????;

????????? ??? ???????????? ?????????? ??? ????? ?? ?? ??????, ?? ?????? ??? ?? ?????????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ??????????;

??????? (Control)

???? ?? ?????? ??????????????? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ???????? ??? ?????? ??? ????????? ??? ??????? ????, ????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ????????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ?????????? ??? ?? ????????????. ?? ?? ?????? ???????? ???? ??? ?????????, ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ????????? ?? ?????????? ??? ??????. ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ????????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????????, ???????????? ??? ?????????????. ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ????????? - ????????? ????? ??? ???? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ?????????????. ? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ????????? ??????. ?? ??? ???????? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ???????????? ?? ?????????? ??? ???????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ???????.

????????????? ?? ???????? ?????????:

????? ??? ????? ?? ????????? ??? ?? ???????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ??????????? ???????? ?????????? ?? ????? ?????????? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ???????? ???????;

????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ????????? ??? ??? ????????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ??????????? ??? ??? ??? (???? ? ???????? ? ?? ???????? ??? ??????);

??? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ???? ???? ????;

??? ????? ?? ??????????? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ?????????, ???? ???? ?? ???????????????? ??? ?????? ?? ???????;

????? ??? ????? ?? ????????? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ??????????? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ??????????? ??????????? ??????? ? ?????????????? ????????????;

??????????? ??? ? ????????? ?????????? ?? ?? ?????????? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ? ??? ??????; ??????????? ??? ????????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ????????? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ????????? ????????????? ?????????;

?? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??? ?? ?????????? ?????????????. ??????????? ????? ??????? ?? ??????????? ???? ??????? ??? ?? ?????????? ??? ????????. ??????????? ????????? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ?????????? ???? ??????????? ???? ??? ???? ?????, ??? ? ?????????? ????????????? ???? ??? ?????? ????????? ?? ???? ??????. ? ??????? ?????? ?? ????????? ??? ????????? ????????? ??? ?????????. ?? ?????? ??? ?????????? ???? ????????? ???????? ????????????? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ??? ???????? ??????? ???????. ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????????? ???? ????????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ??????????, ???? ???? ?? ?????????????? ??????? ??? ???????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ????. ???? ??????? ??? ????????????? ????, ???????? ??? ????????? ???? ?? ???????? ?? ?????????? ???? ??? ???? ????????.

?? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ?????????? ????? ??????, ??????????? ??? ??????????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?????????? ???????? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ??????????????.?? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ?????????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ???????, ??? ?????????????, ??? ??????? ? ??? ???????? ??? ??????, ?? ?????? ?? ???? ????????? ?? ?????? ??? ??????????. ? ???????? ??? ??????? ?????????????? ????????? ??? ??? ????????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ???????????, ??? ???????? ??? ??? ???????????, ???? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ????????? ?? ?????????? ??? ????????? ???? ??????.

???????????? ??????? ?????? ????, ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????????:

?????????? (Authoritarian)

? ?????????? ?????? ????????? ?? ??????????? ?? ??????????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ??????????????, ??????? ???????, ??????? ????????????. ???????????? ??????????? ???????? ??? ?? ??????????? ??? ????? ?? ????????? ????????? ??? ??? ??????? ????. ??? ?????????? ?? ???????, ????? ???????? ??? ? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ?????????? ??? ??????? ???.

????????????? (Permissive)

? ????????????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ?????????? ???? ????? ????????????? ??? ????? ??? ????, ????????? ?? ??????????? ???? ??? ??? ?? ????? ????????? ????.

????????? (Disengaged)

? ????????? ?????? ????? ???? ????????????? ?? ????? ?????????????? ??? ?? ???????? ?? ??????????? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ????. ?? ???? ????????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????????? ???? ?????. 

??????????? (Authoritative)

? ??????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????, ????????? ???? ???????????, ????????? ????? ?????, ?????????? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ??????????? ???? ???? ????????? ??? ?????? ???????? ???????? ? ????? ???? ???????.

?? ?????? ??? ???????????? ??? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ????????????? ???? ??????? ????? ????????? ? ???????? ?? ?????? ???????????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ????????? ???????? ???????? ??? ?? ???? ???????? ??? ???? ??????? ???. ????????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????????????? ?????. ?? ?????? ??? ???????????? ??? ?????????????? ??????, ????????? ???? ???????? ????? ???? ????????? ????? ?????????????? ?? ?????????????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ????????? ????. ??? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????????????, ?????? ?? ????????? ??? ??????????? ???????. ???? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ????, ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ????, ????? ?? ????? ??? ???????? ??? ???? ??? ??????????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ????. ?? ?????? ?? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ??????????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ?? ????????? ??? ??????? ??? ?????????? ??? ???? ??????.

?? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ?????????, ???????????? ? ???????? ???????, ?????? ?? ???????? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ???????????. ?? ?????? ??? ???????????? ??? ???????????? ?????? ????? ??????????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ??? ?? ??? ????????? ?? ???????????? ????????????. ?? ????????????, ?????????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ???????, ??? ????????? ?? ????????? ??????????? ???????????, ?? ????? ????????? ??? ???????? ????. ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ????. ?? ???????? ???? ??????????? ??? ??????? ????????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????????. ??????, ?? ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ????????? ??? ????????? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ??????. ???? ?????? ?? ??????????? ???? ?? ??????????? ???????? ??? ??? ?? ??????? ??????.?????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ????????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ?????????? ????.

???? ??? ?? ????? ??? ? ???????????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????????, ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ???????????? ?? ???? ??? ???????? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ??? ????? ??? ???????. ?? ???????????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ?????????? ?? ???????? ??? ?? ?????? ????, ??? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ???????. ??? ???????? ???????? ??? ? ?????? ??? ??????????? ???? ???? ????????????? ?????? ???? ????????? ??? ???????? ?? ????? ? ???????, ? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????????(goodenoughparents) ???????? ??? ????????. ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ?????????? ??? ??? ?????????????? ???????????. ? ?????????? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??? ???????? ???????? ?? ???????? ?? ??? ????????? ??? ???????????? ??? ???????????.

?????? ????????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ???????????. ?? ?????? ???????????? ?? ???????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ????. ????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ??? ???????? ?????? ? ?????????? ???????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ???????, ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ???. ?? ?????? ????????? ??? ?????? ????????????? ??? ?????? ???? ????????????? ?? ??????? ????? ????, ????? ??? ?? ???????. ??? ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ???????? ??? ??? ????????????? ??? ?? ????????? ?? ???????, ?? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ?????????, ??? ?? ????????, ??? ????? ??? ??? ?????????? ??? ???? ?????????? ?? ??????. ??? ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ???? ?? ???????? ??? ???????? ???? ????,?? ???? ?? ???????? ??? ??? ???? ???????? ????.

????????????

1.Commission on Social Determinants of Health. Closing the gap in a generation: health equity through action on the social determinants of health. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2008.

2.Costello EJ, Compton SN, Keeler G, Angold A. Relationships between poverty and psychopathology: a natural experiment. Journal of the American Medical Association 2003;290:2023-2029.

3.Ginsburg K, Jablow M. American Academy of Pediatrics. ?????? ??????? ?????????????? ?? ?????? ??? ???????. ???????????????.?????????????????????????:?. ???????, ?. ???????????. Cyprus: BrokenHillPublishersLtd, 2014.

4.Hochberg ?, ed. Evo-Devo of Child Growth: Treatise on Child Growth and Human Evolution. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Blackwell, 2012.

5.Kessler RC, Berglund P, Demler O, Jin R, Merikangas KR. Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey replication. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2005;62:593-602.

6.Krug E, Powell K, Dahlberg L. Firearm-related deaths in the United States and 35 other high- and upper-middle-income countries. International Journal of Epidemiology 1998;27:214-221.

7.Luthar SS, Sawyer JA, Brown PJ. Conceptual issues in studies of resilience: past, present, and future research. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences2006;1094:105-115.

8.Luthar SS, Zigler E. Vulnerability and competence: a review of research on resilience in childhood. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry 1991;61:6-22.

9.Ngui EM, Khasakhala L, Ndetei D, Roberts LW.Mental disorders, health inequalities and ethics: A global perspective. Int Rev Psychiatry 2010;22:235-244.

10.Parent A-S, Teilmann G, Juul A, Skakkebaek NE, Toppari J, Bouguignon J-P. The timing of normal puberty and the age limits of sexual precocity: variations around the world, secular trends, and changes after migration. Endrocr Rev 2003;24:668-693.

11.Patel V, Flisher AJ, Hetrick S, McGorry P. Mental health of young people: a global public-health challenge. Lancet 2007;369:1302-1313.

12.Patton GC, Coffey C, Romaniuk H, Mackinnon A, Carlin JB, Degenhardt L, Olsson CA, Moran P. The prognosis of common mental disorders in adolescents: a 14-year prospective cohort study. Lancet 2014;383:1404-1411.

13.Sawyer SM, Afifi RA, Bearinger LH, Blakemore SJ, Dick B, Ezeh AC, Patton GC. Adolescence: a foundation for future health. Lancet 2012;379:1630-1640.

14.Sigel EJ. Adolescent growth and development. In: Greydanus DE, Patel DR, Pratt HD, eds. Essential Adolescent Medicine. USA: McGraw-Hill Companies, 2006.

15.Viner RM, Coffey C, Mathers C, Bloem P, Costello A, Santelli J, Patton GC. 50-year mortality trends in children and young people: a study of 50 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries. Lancet 2011;377:1162-1174.

16.Viner RM, Ozer EM, Denny S, Marmot M, Resnick M, Fatusi A, Currie C. Adolescence and the social determinants of health. Lancet 2012;379:1641-1652.

17.WHO. Global health risks: mortality and burden of disease attributable to selected major risks. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2009.

18.Winnicott DW. Transitional objects and transitional phenomena; a study of the first not-me possession. Int J Psychoanal 1953;34:89-97.


16-03-2017